PESHAWAR – Qamar Gula, a name that stands synonymous with the golden era of Pashto music, has left an indelible legacy. Her voice, filled with both depth and emotion, resonated across borders, making her a beloved figure in Pakistan and Afghanistan alike. Known as “Bulbul-e-Afghanistan,” she was more than a singer — she was a cultural phenomenon who defined the spirit of Pashto music.
Born in 1945 in the picturesque yet modest district of Kama in Nangarhar province, Afghanistan, Qamar Gula grew up surrounded by the beauty and challenges of rural life. Her family history remains elusive, but her love for music was evident from a young age. Singing Pashto melodies was her way of connecting with the world, her voice already showing hints of the brilliance it would become. Her formal journey into music began under the guidance of Ustad Nabi Gul, who provided her with foundational training.
However, it was her apprenticeship with Mohammad Din Zakhil, a renowned harmonium master, that truly unlocked her potential. Zakhil not only nurtured her talent but also played an instrumental role in shaping her artistic identity.
A partnership forged in music
Life in Afghanistan, particularly for women, often followed a predetermined path. Like many young girls, Qamar Gula was married early. Her first marriage, however, ended tragically with the untimely death of her husband, leaving her to raise a young son.
Fate intervened when Mohammad Din Zakhil proposed marriage, and their union became a blend of love and artistic collaboration. Together, they built a musical partnership that produced some of the most memorable melodies in Pashto music. Their relationship bore two sons, Eimal Zakhil and Nayar Zakhil, though the family faced the heartbreak of losing one son, whose whereabouts remain unknown.
A voice that captivated nations
Qamar Gula’s rise to fame began at Kabul Radio, where her debut performance left listeners spellbound. Her voice carried a unique blend of sweetness and strength, captivating audiences and establishing her as a household name.
With the introduction of television in Afghanistan, her popularity soared to new heights. Her performances were eagerly awaited, and her songs became anthems of the time. Recognizing her immense contribution to Pashto music, King Mohammad Zahir Shah and President Sardar Daud honored her with a gold medal and the prestigious title of “Bulbul-e-Afghanistan.”
An international icon
Her fame transcended borders, making her a celebrated artist beyond Afghanistan. Qamar Gula’s performances in Russia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Pakistan showcased her versatility and broadened her appeal.
Her association with Radio Pakistan and All India Radio further solidified her status as an international star. Qamar Gula’ connection with Peshawar was particularly significant.
Starting in the 1970s, she frequently recorded for Radio Pakistan Peshawar, producing a rich repertoire of Pashto songs. Her collaborations with renowned poets like Khushal Khan Khattak and Rahman Baba elevated her work, making it a cultural treasure.
Enduring the trials of life
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 disrupted life for countless artists, including Qamargula. She and her family moved to Peshawar, where Zakhil continued to compose music tailored to her voice. However, in 1990, her life took a devastating turn when Zakhil passed away.
The loss of her husband and collaborator marked a dark period in Qamar Gula’s life. Her grief found expression in her music, with her mournful laments touching the hearts of her listeners. For six years, she stepped away from the limelight, retreating into a life of quiet reflection.
The political turmoil of the 1990s further complicated her life. With the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan, the cultural space for artists became increasingly restricted. Encouraged by her son, Qamargula eventually emigrated to Canada in 1997, leaving behind a homeland that had grown too turbulent for her art.
A legacy etched in melody
Qamar Gul life is a testament to the enduring power of art in the face of adversity. Her songs continue to resonate, preserving the soul of Pashto music for generations to come. She remains a symbol of resilience and artistic excellence, her legacy celebrated by fans and fellow artists alike.
As Pashto music evolves, Qamar Gula’s influence endures, her melodies serving as a bridge between the past and the present. Her story is not just one of success but also of perseverance, love, and an commitment to her craft. For those who cherish Pashto music, Qamar Gula is not just an artist — she is an era.
The sound of exile: Afghan musicians struggle survival in Pakistan